Making your own garden compost is a simple process that transforms waste into nutrient-rich soil. Here's how you can build your compost heap:
1. Choose a Location:
- Select a spot in your garden that is relatively level, well-drained, and partially shaded. Direct sunlight can dry out the compost.
- Consider accessibility – you'll need to be able to easily add materials and turn the pile.
2. Build Your Compost Heap (or Use a Bin):
- Heap: You can simply start a pile directly on the ground. Aim for a base about 3ft x 3ft.
- Bin: A compost bin (homemade or purchased) helps contain the materials and retain moisture. Many different styles are available.
3. Layer "Greens" and "Browns":
The key to good compost is a balanced mix of nitrogen-rich "greens" and carbon-rich "browns."
| Material Category | Examples | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Greens (Nitrogen) | Vegetable peelings, fruit waste, tea bags, grass cuttings, plant prunings | Provides nitrogen and moisture; breaks down quickly |
| Browns (Carbon) | Cardboard egg boxes, scrunched up paper, fallen leaves, straw, wood chips | Provides carbon; adds air and structure |
- Layering Process: Start with a layer of browns (e.g., leaves). Then, add a layer of greens (e.g., grass cuttings). Continue alternating layers. A good ratio is roughly 2 parts browns to 1 part greens.
- Shredding: Chop or shred larger materials (like branches or cardboard) to speed up decomposition.
4. Maintain Moisture:
- The compost pile should be damp, like a wrung-out sponge.
- If it's too dry, add water. If it's too wet, add more browns.
5. Turn the Compost:
- Turning the compost pile introduces oxygen, which helps the microbes break down the materials more quickly.
- Turn the pile every 1-2 weeks, moving the outer layers to the center.
6. Avoid These Materials:
- Meat, fish, dairy products, and oily foods (attract pests and create odors)
- Diseased plants (can spread disease)
- Weeds with seeds (seeds may survive composting)
- Pet waste (can contain harmful pathogens)
7. Be Patient!
- Composting takes time. A hot composting system, with regular turning and a good balance of materials, can produce compost in a few months. A cold composting system can take a year or more.
- The compost is ready when it's dark brown, crumbly, and smells earthy.
Enjoy your homemade compost in your garden!
