In construction, a timber frame refers to a specific building method where the main structural support is created using wood. It is essentially a complete structural frame that transfers the vertical and horizontal loads to the foundations.
This structural frame is typically built using prefabricated components, meaning they are manufactured off-site before being assembled on location.
Components of a Timber Frame
The primary elements that make up a timber frame structure include:
- External and Internal Stud Walls: Vertical timber studs are framed together to form the walls.
- Floor Joists: Horizontal timbers that support the floor decks.
- Roof Trusses: Prefabricated triangular structures that support the roof.
These components are assembled on site to quickly erect the superstructure of a building.
Function of the Timber Frame
The core function of a timber frame is to provide the structural integrity for the building. It acts as the primary load-bearing element, efficiently transferring all the forces acting on the building – from the weight of the structure itself (vertical loads) to forces like wind (horizontal loads) – down to the foundation, which then distributes them safely into the ground.
This method is distinct from traditional masonry construction where walls bear the load, as the timber frame carries the load, allowing the external walls to primarily serve as cladding and insulation.
