Curtain walls are installed by first erecting a metal framework, then fitting glass panels into that framework, followed by sealing and finishing details. Here's a more detailed breakdown of the process:
Steps for Curtain Wall Installation
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Erecting the Metal Framework (Mullions and Transoms): The installation begins with the erection of vertical metal poles, known as mullions, to the building's structure. These mullions act as the primary support system. Horizontal elements called transoms are then attached to the mullions, creating a grid-like framework. This framework is typically made of aluminum due to its lightweight and durable properties. Precise measurements and alignment are crucial at this stage to ensure the entire curtain wall is plumb and level.
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Panel Installation (Glass or Other Materials): Once the metal framework is in place, the glass or other infill panels are carefully slotted into the frame. These panels are typically pre-fabricated to exact dimensions and may include features such as tinted glass, insulated glass units (IGUs), or spandrel panels (opaque panels that conceal structural elements).
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Sealing: After the panels are installed, sealing gaskets and sealants are applied to create a watertight and airtight barrier. This step is critical for preventing water infiltration and maintaining energy efficiency.
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Adding Mullions and Transoms: Although mentioned earlier, it's important to reiterate the iterative process of adding mullions and transoms as the installation progresses vertically. This ensures structural integrity and proper panel support.
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Glazing: The process of fitting and securing the glass panels within the framework. This can involve various techniques depending on the curtain wall system, including structural silicone glazing, where the glass is adhered directly to the frame without mechanical fasteners.
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External Cover Caps: These are often added to the exterior of the curtain wall for aesthetic purposes and to provide additional protection against the elements. They can be made of various materials, such as aluminum, stainless steel, or composite materials, and come in a wide range of shapes and finishes.
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Perimeter Finishing: The final touches involve finishing the perimeter of the curtain wall where it meets the building's structure. This typically involves installing metal flashing, sealants, and other finishing elements to ensure a seamless and weather-tight transition.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Metal Frame Erection | Vertical mullions are attached to the building structure, followed by horizontal transoms, forming a grid. |
| 2. Panel Installation | Pre-fabricated glass or infill panels are carefully slotted into the metal frame. |
| 3. Sealing | Gaskets and sealants are applied to create a weather-tight seal. |
| 4. Glazing | Securing the glass panels within the framework, potentially using structural silicone glazing. |
| 5. Cover Caps | External cover caps are installed for aesthetics and additional weather protection. |
| 6. Perimeter Finishing | Metal flashing and sealants are added to the perimeter for a seamless and weather-tight transition to the building's structure. |
In summary, curtain wall installation is a multi-stage process requiring precision and expertise, involving the erection of a metal framework, the installation of panels, and meticulous sealing and finishing to ensure structural integrity, weather resistance, and aesthetic appeal.
