Course learning outcomes are measured using a variety of assessment methods designed to evaluate student understanding and skill acquisition. These methods can be broadly categorized into direct and indirect measures, with direct measures focusing on tangible evidence of learning. The methods used are described below.
Direct Measures of Learning
These are the primary methods for assessing whether students have achieved the stated learning outcomes of a course.
Tests and Exams
- Standardized Tests: These are often used for large-scale assessments and can compare student performance against a broader benchmark.
- Example: Standardized tests within a specific discipline to gauge understanding.
- Discipline-Specific Tests: Tests that are tailored to the content and specific learning objectives of the course.
- Locally Produced Tests: These are created by instructors to assess specific topics covered in the course.
- Course-Embedded Tests: Tests or quizzes are integrated into the course to assess specific learning goals.
Portfolios
- Demonstrating Learning Over Time: Portfolios showcase the student's work and progress throughout the course or program.
- Example: A portfolio of writing samples or design projects shows how a student has developed their skills over time.
- Reflective Practice: Portfolios encourage students to reflect on their learning process.
Final Projects, Performances, and Presentations
- Culminating Activities: These assessments allow students to demonstrate their mastery of the course content through projects that require application of knowledge and skills.
- Example: A research project, a group presentation, or a theatrical performance to demonstrate understanding of course material.
Capstone Experiences, Theses, and Dissertations
- Comprehensive Demonstrations: These are typically advanced projects or research endeavors that demonstrate the culmination of a student's learning in a program.
- Example: Students complete a research thesis to showcase their ability to conduct independent research.
- Integrative Assessments: These experiences tie together what students have learned throughout their programs, demonstrating their ability to apply knowledge in a complex or real-world context.
Summary Table
| Assessment Type | Description | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tests and Exams | Standardized, discipline-specific, locally produced, or course-embedded. | To assess knowledge and understanding of specific course concepts and material. | Multiple-choice quizzes, short essay exams, practical skills assessments. |
| Portfolios of Student Work | Demonstrates learning over time through a collection of student work. | To showcase growth, progress, and reflection on learning. | A collection of essays, art projects, coding examples, or video demonstrations. |
| Final Projects/Performances | A culminating project, performance, or presentation at the end of a course. | To demonstrate practical application of knowledge and skills. | A research paper, a group presentation, a musical performance, or a software application. |
| Capstone/Theses/Dissertations | Comprehensive projects for advanced learners. | To demonstrate the culmination of learning in a program and independent research capabilities. | A research thesis, a culminating design project, a business plan, or a major independent creative work. |
By combining these methods, educators can gain a thorough understanding of how well students are meeting course learning outcomes. The methods used will often be influenced by the specific discipline and the nature of the learning outcomes being assessed.
