Heels bleed because severely cracked skin, often associated with thick heel calluses, can break open and bleed. These cracks, also known as heel fissures, occur when the skin on the bottom of the heel becomes hard and parched. Even with moisturization, the dryness and pressure can lead to these fissures.
Understanding Heel Fissures
Heel fissures, or cracks in the heels, are a common foot problem. Several factors contribute to their formation and subsequent bleeding:
- Dry Skin: The primary cause is dryness, which makes the skin less elastic and more prone to cracking.
- Callus Formation: Thick calluses around the heel can exacerbate the problem. The callus itself is dry and inflexible.
- Pressure and Weight: The constant pressure and weight placed on the heels, especially during walking or standing, cause the dry, inflexible skin to split.
- Lack of Moisture: Even with moisturizer use, if the skin is already severely dry and cracked, basic lotions may not be enough to fully hydrate the deeper layers.
- Underlying Conditions: In some cases, skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis can contribute to cracked heels.
Why Bleeding Occurs
The skin on the heels can become so dry and inflexible that it develops deep cracks. When these cracks extend into the deeper layers of the skin (dermis), which contain blood vessels, bleeding occurs.
Prevention and Treatment
To prevent and treat cracked and bleeding heels, consider the following:
- Regular Moisturizing: Apply a thick moisturizer several times a day, especially after bathing. Look for products containing urea, salicylic acid, or alpha-hydroxy acids, as these help to exfoliate and hydrate the skin.
- Soaking and Exfoliating: Soak your feet in warm, soapy water for 10-15 minutes, then gently exfoliate with a pumice stone or foot file to remove dead skin.
- Using Heel Balms or Creams: Invest in specialized heel balms or creams designed for severely dry and cracked heels.
- Wearing Appropriate Footwear: Avoid wearing open-backed shoes or sandals for extended periods, as they can contribute to dryness and cracking.
- Staying Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out.
By understanding the causes of cracked heels and implementing a consistent foot care routine, you can prevent bleeding and maintain healthy, comfortable feet.
