Neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are a type of white blood cell that, when present along with other signs of central nervous system (CNS) infection, indicate a bacterial or early viral CNS infection [1, 2].
Understanding Neutrophils in CSF
While lymphocytes and monocytes are commonly found in CSF without any increase in cell count (pleocytosis), the presence of neutrophils is often more significant. Their presence raises concerns about possible infection or inflammation within the CNS.
Significance of Neutrophils in CSF
The detection of neutrophils in CSF is a key diagnostic indicator, especially when considered alongside other clinical findings. Here's a breakdown of its significance:
- Infection Indicator: Neutrophils are the first responders of the immune system and their presence suggests an active infection or inflammatory process.
- Bacterial vs. Viral Distinction: A high neutrophil count often points towards a bacterial infection. However, it can also be present in early viral CNS infections [1, 2]. Further tests are required to confirm the specific cause.
Interpreting CSF Results
A CSF analysis that reveals neutrophils requires careful interpretation.
Here is an example of how to interpret a CSF result when neutrophils are present:
| Cell Type | Normal Range | Possible Finding | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neutrophils | 0 | Present | Potential bacterial or early viral CNS infection; requires further investigation [1, 2]. |
| Lymphocytes | Present | Normal or Elevated | Could indicate viral infection or other inflammatory conditions. |
| Monocytes | Present | Normal or Elevated | Common in various CNS conditions; may not always indicate acute infection. |
