Breathing through the skin is called cutaneous respiration, or cutaneous gas exchange. This process, derived from the Latin word "cutis" meaning "skin," is more common than you might think.
Cutaneous Respiration Explained
Cutaneous respiration is a form of respiration where the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs directly across the skin. This method is prevalent in various amphibians, both aquatic and those possessing lungs. Even while submerged, some amphibians rely entirely on cutaneous respiration for their oxygen needs. [1, 3, 9]
Several examples highlight the significance of cutaneous respiration:
- Frogs: Frogs utilize cutaneous respiration, particularly when underwater, where all respiration happens through their skin. [3, 9]
- Lungless Salamanders: These salamanders rely heavily, if not entirely, on skin for gas exchange, showcasing the efficiency of this respiratory method. [5]
While cutaneous respiration is prominent in amphibians, it's important to note that it's not exclusive to them. Many other animals utilize it to some degree. The effectiveness of cutaneous respiration depends on several factors, including the skin's surface area, moisture level, and permeability. [1]
It's crucial to distinguish cutaneous respiration from other forms of respiration, such as pulmonary respiration (breathing through lungs) and tracheal respiration (breathing through tubes). [7] While many animals may absorb some substances through their skin, [2], breathing through the skin is a specific process involving gas exchange essential for survival.
