The minimum WBC (White Blood Cell) count in dengue, indicating leucopenia, can be as low as 5,000 cells/mm3.
New-onset leucopenia, defined as a WBC count below 5,000 cells/mm3, is often observed in dengue fever. This decrease in WBC count is significant because it may signal the approach of the critical phase of the illness, usually within 24 hours, when fever may dissipate. Monitoring the total leucocyte count during the early phase of dengue infection is therefore vital for identifying potentially severe cases. This allows for timely intervention and management.
A low WBC count in dengue can arise due to several factors, including:
- Bone marrow suppression: Dengue virus can directly inhibit the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to a reduction in WBCs.
- Increased destruction of WBCs: The immune response to the dengue virus can sometimes lead to the premature destruction of WBCs.
- Marginalization of WBCs: WBCs may adhere to the blood vessel walls, reducing their availability in the circulating blood.
It's important to note that a WBC count of less than 5,000 cells/mm3 is a significant indicator in dengue, prompting close monitoring for the development of severe dengue and potential complications.
