Calculus, also known as tartar, is a hard, calcified deposit that forms on teeth and gums. It's not a separate entity called "calculus gums," but rather a substance that affects the gums. The term likely refers to the presence of calculus on or near the gumline.
Understanding Calculus
Calculus develops when plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—is not removed through regular brushing and flossing. Within 24 to 72 hours, plaque hardens and mineralizes, becoming calculus. This hardened substance is much more difficult to remove than plaque and creates a rough surface that traps more food particles and bacteria.
Calculus and Gum Disease
The presence of calculus is a significant contributor to gum disease (periodontitis). The rough surface of calculus irritates the gums, leading to inflammation (gingivitis) and potentially more serious gum infections. If left untreated, this can result in gum recession, tooth loss, and even bone loss.
Location of Calculus
Calculus can form both above the gumline (supragingival calculus) and below the gumline (subgingival calculus). Subgingival calculus is harder to detect and remove and is frequently associated with more severe gum disease.
Removing Calculus
Regular professional dental cleanings are crucial for removing calculus. Brushing and flossing effectively remove plaque, preventing it from hardening into calculus, but they cannot remove existing calculus. Only a dentist or dental hygienist can remove calculus with specialized tools.
- Supragingival calculus: Easily visible and removed with scaling tools.
- Subgingival calculus: Requires more advanced techniques for removal.
Prevention of Calculus Buildup
Maintaining good oral hygiene is key to preventing calculus formation. This includes:
- Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
- Flossing daily to remove plaque between teeth.
- Regular dental checkups and professional cleanings (typically every six months).
