What Causes Teeth Decay?

Tooth decay, also known as cavities or dental caries, is primarily caused by plaque attacks on the tooth enamel.

The Decay Process Explained

Here's a breakdown of the decay process:

Plaque Formation: Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth.
Acid Production: When you eat or drink sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque produce acids.
Enamel Erosion: These acids attack the tooth enamel, the hard outer layer of your teeth. This acid removes minerals through a process called demineralization.
Cavity Formation: Over time, repeated acid attacks cause the enamel to break down, leading to tiny holes or openings – the beginning of cavities.
Dentin Damage: If left untreated, the decay can penetrate the enamel and reach the next layer, called dentin, which is softer than enamel and decays more rapidly.

Several factors can increase your risk of tooth decay:

Diet: Frequent consumption of sugary and starchy foods and drinks.
Poor Oral Hygiene: Infrequent or ineffective brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate.
Dry Mouth: Saliva helps neutralize acids and wash away food particles; a lack of saliva increases the risk of decay.
Bacteria and Acid: The specific types and quantity of bacteria present in plaque.
Fluoride Deficiency: Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent decay.
Location of Teeth: Back teeth (molars and premolars) have grooves and pits that can trap food and bacteria, making them more susceptible to decay.

Preventing tooth decay involves:

Regular Brushing and Flossing: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and food particles.
Fluoride Treatment: Using fluoride toothpaste, mouthwash, or receiving professional fluoride treatments.
Healthy Diet: Limiting sugary and starchy foods and drinks.
Regular Dental Checkups: Visiting your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings.
Drinking Water: Especially after meals to help wash away food particles.