Toothache is a symptom, specifically pain in or around a tooth, while tooth decay (also known as dental caries) is the underlying process that often causes toothache. Tooth decay is the breakdown of tooth enamel and dentin caused by acids produced by bacteria in plaque.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Tooth Decay (Dental Caries)
- Definition: Tooth decay is a progressive disease that destroys the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel and dentin). It's caused by acids produced by bacteria in plaque, which accumulate on teeth.
- Process: Bacteria feed on sugars and carbohydrates in food debris left on teeth. They then produce acids that erode the enamel, leading to cavities (holes).
- Symptoms: In its early stages, tooth decay may not cause any symptoms. As it progresses, it can lead to:
- Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods/drinks.
- Visible holes or pits in the teeth.
- Brown, black, or white staining on the teeth.
- Toothache (a later stage symptom).
Toothache
- Definition: Toothache is pain experienced in or around a tooth. It's a symptom, not a disease itself.
- Causes: Toothache can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Tooth decay (the most common cause).
- Tooth abscess (an infection at the root of the tooth).
- Gum disease (gingivitis or periodontitis).
- Tooth fracture or damage.
- Sensitive teeth.
- Impacted tooth (e.g., wisdom tooth).
- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
- Sinus infection (referred pain).
- Symptoms: Toothache can range from mild discomfort to severe, throbbing pain. It may be constant or intermittent and can be aggravated by chewing, hot or cold temperatures, or pressure. As the referenced text points out, it can even cause continuous pain that keeps you awake, or occasional sharp pain without an obvious trigger.
Analogy
Think of it this way: Tooth decay is like a fire burning in a house (the tooth). Toothache is like the smoke alarm going off – a sign that something is wrong.
Summary Table
| Feature | Tooth Decay (Dental Caries) | Toothache |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Disease (progressive destruction of tooth structure) | Symptom (pain in or around a tooth) |
| Cause | Acids produced by bacteria in plaque | Various factors, most commonly tooth decay |
| Symptoms | Initially none; later sensitivity, visible holes, staining, toothache | Pain (ranging from mild to severe); may be constant or intermittent |
| Relationship | Causes toothache (among other things) | Can be a sign of tooth decay (among other things) |
In conclusion, tooth decay is a disease process that can lead to toothache, but toothache can also be caused by other dental or medical issues. Therefore, tooth decay is the CAUSE, while toothache is the EFFECT (in this common scenario).
