What is Malocclusion?
Malocclusion refers to any improper alignment of your upper and lower teeth when your jaws close. This means your teeth don't fit together correctly, leading to a misaligned bite. It's the most common reason for referral to an orthodontist.
Malocclusion encompasses a range of dental irregularities. The problem isn't just about crooked teeth; it's about the relationship between your upper and lower jaws and how your teeth meet. This "bite" can be misaligned in various ways, affecting both the aesthetics and function of your teeth and jaw.
Types of Malocclusion:
Several types of malocclusion exist, including:
- Crowded teeth: Teeth are too tightly packed, often overlapping.
- Misaligned teeth: Teeth are crooked or rotated out of their normal position.
- Crossbite: Upper teeth fit inside the lower teeth when biting down.
- Overbite: Upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth.
- Underbite: Lower teeth protrude beyond the upper teeth.
- Open bite: A gap exists between the upper and lower teeth when biting down.
Causes of Malocclusion:
While genetics play a significant role, other factors can contribute to malocclusion:
- Heredity: Family history of misaligned teeth increases the risk.
- Thumb sucking: Prolonged habit can affect jaw development.
- Early tooth loss: Missing teeth can shift the position of other teeth.
- Accidents or injuries: Trauma to the jaw or teeth can cause misalignment.
Treatment Options:
Treatment depends on the severity and type of malocclusion. Common treatment options include:
- Orthodontics: Braces, aligners (like Invisalign), and retainers are used to gradually straighten teeth and correct bite problems.
- Oral surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reposition the jaw or extract teeth.
One in five people has some form of malocclusion. While often a cosmetic concern, it can also impact chewing, speech, and even lead to jaw pain, headaches, and earaches. Early detection and treatment are key to achieving optimal oral health and a confident smile.
