Abrasion of teeth is the wearing away of tooth structure (usually enamel) caused by a mechanical process from a foreign object. In simpler terms, it's when something other than tooth-to-tooth contact wears down your teeth.
Understanding Tooth Abrasion
Tooth abrasion differs from other forms of tooth wear, such as:
- Erosion: This is caused by chemical dissolution, like acids in food or stomach acid.
- Attrition: This results from tooth-to-tooth contact, such as grinding or clenching (bruxism).
- Abfraction: This involves tooth structure loss due to stress concentration from excessive force.
Abrasion specifically involves an external force contributing to the enamel loss.
Common Causes of Tooth Abrasion
Several factors can contribute to tooth abrasion:
- Aggressive Brushing: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush and brushing too forcefully can wear away enamel, especially near the gum line.
- Abrasive Toothpaste: Some toothpastes contain abrasive ingredients (like baking soda or silica) to help remove stains. While effective, overuse can lead to abrasion.
- Habits: Nail-biting, chewing on pencils, or using teeth to open things can all cause localized abrasion.
- Occupational Hazards: Certain professions, such as glassblowers or musicians who hold instruments in their mouth, may be at higher risk due to repeated contact with abrasive materials.
- Dental Appliances: Improperly fitted dentures or partials can rub against teeth and cause abrasion.
Signs and Symptoms
Recognizing the signs of tooth abrasion is crucial for early intervention. Common indicators include:
- Notches or Grooves: Visible indentations, often near the gumline.
- Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
- Shiny Surfaces: Exposed dentin (the layer beneath enamel) may appear shiny.
- Changes in Tooth Shape: Teeth may appear shorter or have altered contours.
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing further abrasion is essential. Here are some key strategies:
- Gentle Brushing Technique: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and a gentle, circular brushing motion. Your dentist or hygienist can demonstrate proper technique.
- Appropriate Toothpaste: Choose a toothpaste that is not overly abrasive. Look for the ADA Seal of Acceptance.
- Break Bad Habits: Avoid habits like nail-biting, chewing on objects, or using teeth as tools.
- Professional Evaluation: See your dentist regularly for checkups. They can identify signs of abrasion early and recommend appropriate treatment.
- Treatment Options: Depending on the severity, treatment might include fluoride treatments, bonding, fillings, crowns, or gum grafting to cover exposed tooth roots.
