When upper teeth overlap lower teeth, it is generally referred to as a malocclusion, specifically an overbite or Class 2 malocclusion.
Types of Overlap
The extent of the overlap can vary, leading to different classifications:
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Normal Overlap (Class 1 Malocclusion): A slight overlap is considered normal and healthy. This is the most common type of malocclusion, where the bite itself is correct, but the upper teeth may just slightly overlap the lower teeth.
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Overbite (Class 2 Malocclusion): In a significant overbite, the upper teeth excessively overlap the lower teeth. This is also known as retrognathism, where the upper jaw and teeth protrude significantly over the lower jaw and teeth.
Causes of Overbite
Several factors can contribute to an overbite:
- Genetics: Jaw size and shape are often inherited.
- Skeletal Issues: Problems with the development of the jaw bones.
- Habits: Childhood habits like thumb-sucking or prolonged pacifier use.
- Teeth Grinding: Chronic teeth grinding (bruxism) can shift teeth.
- Missing Teeth: Gaps from missing teeth can cause adjacent teeth to shift.
Problems Associated with Overbite
A severe overbite can lead to various issues:
- Jaw pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
- Difficulty chewing and speaking.
- Increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
- Uneven wear on teeth.
- Self-consciousness about appearance.
Treatment Options
Treatment for an overbite depends on the severity and the underlying cause. Common options include:
- Orthodontic Treatment (Braces or Aligners): To gradually shift the teeth into the correct position.
- Jaw Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to reposition the jaw.
- Tooth Extraction: In some cases, removing teeth can help create space to correct the bite.
- Appliances: Devices like headgear or palatal expanders can help guide jaw growth in children.
An overbite, where the upper teeth excessively overlap the lower teeth, can range from a minor cosmetic issue to a significant functional problem. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to address the underlying cause and prevent potential complications.
