Insulin pumps are controlled through a combination of automated and manual methods, working in concert to regulate blood glucose levels.
Automated Control:
- Closed-loop systems: Many modern insulin pumps integrate with continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). This allows for automated basal rate adjustments based on real-time glucose readings. The pump automatically increases or decreases insulin delivery to maintain blood sugar within a target range. Examples include Control-IQ technology. Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Recalls Version 2.7 of the Apple iOS t:connect Mobile App highlights how these automated systems rely on communication between the pump and connected devices. These systems aim to reduce the burden of manual adjustments for the user, improving blood glucose management. (A Clinical Overview of Insulin Pump Therapy for the Management of ...)
Manual Control:
- Basal Rates: Users and their healthcare providers program the pump to deliver a steady background dose of insulin (basal rate) throughout the day. This mimics the body's natural insulin production. (Insulin Pumps & Continuous Glucose Monitors) Adjustments to the basal rate are made by the user or their doctor based on blood glucose trends.
- Bolus Doses: Before meals or to correct high blood sugar, the user can manually input a bolus dose of insulin using the pump's interface. This additional insulin covers the carbohydrates consumed and helps prevent post-meal glucose spikes. (Insulin, Medicines, & Other Diabetes Treatments - NIDDK) The calculation of the required bolus is frequently assisted by the pump's built-in calculator which factors in the amount of carbohydrates consumed and other relevant variables.
- Pump Settings: The pump itself is controlled through a handheld device or mobile app which allows users to modify settings, review data, and manage other functions of the pump. These settings, including basal rates and bolus delivery parameters, are typically adjusted under the guidance of a healthcare professional. (Efficacy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on glycaemic ...)
In summary, insulin pump control involves a blend of sophisticated automated systems leveraging CGM data and user-initiated adjustments to maintain optimal blood glucose control. This collaborative approach necessitates close monitoring and collaboration with healthcare providers for personalized settings and adjustments.
