How is an Insulin Pump Used?
An insulin pump is a small, computerized device that delivers insulin to people with diabetes through a thin tube (cannula) inserted just under the skin. It replaces multiple daily injections, offering more flexibility and potentially better blood sugar control.
The pump works by delivering insulin at a continuous, programmed rate called the basal rate. This mimics the body's natural insulin production. In addition to the basal rate, the user can manually program boluses – extra insulin doses – before meals or to correct high blood sugar.
- Basal Insulin: The pump continuously infuses a set amount of insulin throughout the day, maintaining consistent blood glucose levels. This rate is determined by the doctor, based on individual needs.
- Bolus Insulin: The user inputs the amount of carbohydrates they plan to consume and the pump calculates the required bolus dose to prevent a spike in blood sugar. Some pumps even offer features that help predict this based on past patterns.
- Cannula and Reservoir: The insulin is stored in a small reservoir attached to the pump and delivered via a thin cannula inserted under the skin. The cannula and reservoir need to be replaced regularly as instructed by the healthcare professional.
Different Modes of Use:
While some pumps offer an auto mode, most function with manual input from the user. Advanced models may offer features such as:
- Smart features: These may integrate with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) to automatically adjust insulin delivery based on real-time glucose readings.
- Connectivity: Many pumps connect to smartphones via an app allowing for simplified data management and bolus calculations.
Who Uses Insulin Pumps?
Anyone with diabetes requiring insulin may use an insulin pump. This includes people with type 1 diabetes, and some people with type 2 diabetes whose blood sugar isn't well-controlled by other methods.
Benefits and Considerations:
Studies show that insulin pumps can improve diabetes control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). However, they require regular upkeep, training, and careful management. Consult with a diabetes healthcare professional to determine if an insulin pump is the right choice.
