Weak stomach acid, also known as hypochlorhydria, is primarily caused by the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Here's a breakdown of the main causes:
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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): These medications are widely prescribed for heartburn, acid reflux, and ulcers. They work by directly blocking the production of stomach acid. Common examples include omeprazole (Prilosec), esomeprazole (Nexium), and lansoprazole (Prevacid). Long-term use of PPIs can significantly reduce stomach acid levels.
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection: H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach lining. While it can sometimes increase stomach acid initially, chronic infection can damage the acid-producing cells in the stomach (parietal cells), leading to decreased acid production over time.
While less common, other potential causes of weak stomach acid may include:
- Chronic Stress: Prolonged stress can negatively impact digestive function, potentially reducing stomach acid secretion.
- Aging: Stomach acid production tends to decline with age.
- Nutrient Deficiencies: Deficiencies in certain nutrients like zinc and B vitamins can impair stomach acid production.
- Stomach Surgery: Procedures involving the stomach can sometimes affect acid production.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Certain autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune gastritis, can attack the parietal cells, leading to reduced stomach acid.
If you suspect you have low stomach acid, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
