Why is DNA's Full Form Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
The full form of DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid. This complex molecule is the fundamental building block of life, carrying the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
DNA is an organic compound with a unique double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder. This structure is crucial for its function in storing and transmitting genetic information. As described in MedlinePlus Genetics, "DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms." This means it's the blueprint passed down from parents to offspring, determining traits and characteristics.
- Structure: Two polynucleotide chains coil around each other, forming a double helix (Wikipedia). Each chain is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine).
- Function: DNA's primary function is to store and transmit genetic information. This information directs the synthesis of proteins, which carry out various functions within the organism.
- Location: DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
Several sources confirm this information:
- Genome.gov describes DNA's double helix structure.
- BYJU'S explicitly states that the full form of DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
It's important to note that while some sources mention different forms of DNA, like extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) (NCI), or variations like full-length Taq DNA polymerase (Promega), these are specific types or forms of the fundamental molecule, Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The core meaning and full form remain consistent.
