Several liquids can be used to remove or extract DNA, depending on the context and the desired outcome. The process isn't about simply "removing" DNA, but rather isolating it or removing it from a particular substance.
Methods and Liquids for DNA Extraction:
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Extraction from Cells: To extract DNA from cells (like in the strawberry DNA extraction example from Genome.gov), a combination of liquids is used. This typically involves:
- Detergents (e.g., dish soap): These break down the cell membranes, releasing the DNA.
- Salt (e.g., NaCl): Helps dissolve the DNA and maintain its stability.
- Ethanol or Isopropanol: These precipitate the DNA out of solution, making it visible.
- Phenol and Chloroform (in laboratory settings): These are used to separate DNA from other cellular components. These are more commonly used in sophisticated lab settings than home experiments.
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Removing DNA from Surfaces: Removing DNA from surfaces, such as in forensic science or environmental cleanup, might utilize different approaches. One method involves using specialized solutions designed to break down or dissolve DNA molecules. Studies show the use of absorbents derived from wastewater treatment plant residues for this purpose. Also, the use of liquid nitrogen to remove DNA from coverslips is described in this research.
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Removing DNA Contaminants: In molecular biology research, methods exist to remove unwanted DNA from samples. For instance, certain kits and chemistries are designed to remove chromosomal DNA while leaving plasmid DNA intact (as described by Promega). The Quick-DNA/RNA™ Water Kit is an example.
Liquid Biopsies and DNA:
Liquid biopsies don't "remove" DNA but detect it. They analyze bodily fluids (blood, urine, etc.) for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or other genetic material as a minimally invasive way to detect cancer or monitor treatment. Cleveland Clinic provides a detailed explanation.
In summary, the "liquid" that removes DNA depends entirely on the application and context. There's no single answer. The methods range from simple home experiments using household detergents to complex laboratory techniques employing specialized chemicals.
