The primary sources of DNA for DNA fingerprinting (also known as DNA profiling) are biological materials that contain an individual's unique genetic code.
Here's a breakdown of common sources:
- Blood: Blood samples are frequently used due to the high concentration of DNA found in white blood cells.
- Saliva: Saliva contains cells from the lining of the mouth, providing a readily accessible source of DNA.
- Hair: Hair samples, particularly those with the root (hair follicle) attached, are valuable sources of DNA. Hair shafts may contain mitochondrial DNA.
- Skin Cells: Skin cells, whether shed naturally or collected from surfaces, can be used for DNA fingerprinting.
- Semen: Semen is a common source of DNA in sexual assault cases.
- Tissue: Tissue samples, such as biopsies or autopsy specimens, can be used for DNA analysis.
- Bone: Even in decomposed remains, bone can provide a source of DNA, though it may be degraded.
These biological materials allow forensic scientists and researchers to create DNA profiles, which are then used for identification purposes, such as in criminal investigations, paternity testing, and identifying human remains. The abundance and quality of DNA in these sources greatly impact the success of DNA fingerprinting.
