DNA is hydrophilic.
DNA's Hydrophilic Nature Explained
According to the provided information, DNA is a hydrophilic molecule and carries a negative charge. This means it interacts readily with water. In contrast, the cell membrane, composed primarily of lipids, is hydrophobic, which prevents hydrophilic molecules like DNA from easily crossing it.
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic: Key Differences
| Feature | Hydrophilic | Hydrophobic |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | "Water-loving"; Attracted to and dissolves in water | "Water-fearing"; Repelled by and does not dissolve in water |
| Polarity | Polar or charged | Nonpolar |
| Interaction | Forms hydrogen bonds with water | Minimizes contact with water |
| Example | DNA, sugars, ions | Lipids, oils |
Why DNA's Hydrophilic Nature Matters
The hydrophilic nature of DNA is crucial for its function within cells. Since cells are largely water-based environments, DNA's ability to interact favorably with water allows it to be properly solvated and maintain its structure. The fact that the cell membrane is hydrophobic and impedes the crossing of DNA highlights the need for specific transport mechanisms to move DNA into or out of the cell when necessary (e.g., during cell division or genetic transfer).
