Dogs lick for a variety of reasons, all stemming from their instincts and social behavior. It's not just about taste; it's a complex communication system!
Reasons for Licking:
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Affection and Bonding: Licking is a major part of canine social interaction. Just as we might hug or kiss a loved one, a dog's lick is a sign of affection and strengthens the bond between them and their human. This act releases dopamine and endorphins in the dog, promoting feelings of relaxation, calm, and happiness. [Reference: Licking plays an important part of how they bond with others, causing them to release dopamine and endorphins that help make them feel relaxed, calm and happy. ]
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Communication and Submission: Licking can also be a sign of submission or appeasement, particularly when directed towards a dominant individual within the "pack" (which includes you!). A dog might lick your face to show deference and respect. [Reference: I think it's a hierarchy thing. When a dog licks your face, he's showing deference to a pack member whom he considers a superior in the ranks.]
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Grooming: Dogs naturally groom each other, and licking is a key part of this. They may lick you to clean you, or simply as a habit ingrained from puppyhood. [Reference: They learned it from the grooming and affection given to them as Puppies by their mothers.]
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Attention-Seeking: Sometimes, licking is simply a way for your dog to get your attention. If they're bored, lonely, or want to play, a lick might be their way of saying, "Hey, look at me!" [Reference: The foremost functions: dogs lick you to say hello and gain attention.]
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Taste: While less prominent, the taste of your skin (especially salty sweat!) might also play a minor role. [Reference: Dogs lick people for a variety of reasons, including affection, communication, grooming, exploration, attention, and taste.]
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Exploration: Your dog's lick can be a form of exploration, helping them gather information about their environment and you through scent and taste.
Understanding Your Dog's Lick
While a lick is usually a sign of affection, excessive licking could indicate underlying anxiety or a medical condition. If you're concerned about your dog's licking behavior, consult a veterinarian.
