Brick domes are typically constructed by building upward in sequential layers, with individual bricks or stones carefully placed and bound together.
The fundamental method for constructing brick domes involves a layer-by-layer approach. The process begins at the bottom of the planned dome structure and goes upward, gradually shaping the curve of the dome as each layer is added.
The Layered Construction Process
Building a brick dome is a precise process that relies on gravity and structural patterns. Each circular layer of masonry is placed atop the previous one.
- Starting Point: Construction starts from the base, or drum, of the dome.
- Upward Progression: Layers are added one after another, with each new layer slightly cantilevered inward compared to the layer below it, slowly closing in the space towards the center.
According to information available, the dome is normally created layer by layer, beginning at the bottom and going upward.
Materials and Binding
The primary materials for a brick dome are, naturally, bricks (or sometimes stones). These individual masonry pieces need a strong binding agent to hold them in place and transfer structural loads.
- Bricks or Stones: Uniformity in size and shape is important for achieving a smooth, stable dome surface.
- Mortar: Mortar is used to connect the masonry pieces. This paste hardens over time, creating a rigid bond between the bricks and forming the solid dome structure.
Masonry Patterns for Stability
To ensure the stability and structural integrity of each layer, bricks are laid in specific patterns. These patterns help distribute weight and resist the outward thrust inherent in dome structures.
- Pattern Variety: Each layer is made up of bricks or stones that have been put in a certain pattern.
- Common Patterns Include:
- Herringbone Pattern: Bricks are laid diagonally in opposing directions, creating a pattern resembling fish bones. This pattern is particularly effective in allowing layers to be built without extensive formwork in some dome types.
- Radial Pattern: Bricks are laid with their sides pointing towards the center of the dome's base, following the curve of the dome's cross-section.
Building Upwards
As each layer is completed and the mortar begins to set, the next layer is started on top. The angle and positioning of the bricks in each subsequent layer are adjusted to follow the desired curvature of the dome, eventually meeting at the apex or crown.
While traditional methods often involved complex temporary supports or formwork, certain techniques, like using herringbone patterns, can reduce the need for full centering, allowing layers to be somewhat self-supporting as they are built.
In summary, constructing a brick dome is a methodical process of stacking and bonding bricks or stones layer by layer, beginning at the bottom and going upward. Stability is achieved through the use of binding mortar and strategic patterns, such as herringbone or radial, for the masonry placement in each layer.
