Goten likely didn't go Super Saiyan 2 (SSJ2) upon Chi-Chi's death because the narrative focus was elsewhere, and it's plausible he might not have needed to go through intermediate forms between Super Saiyan (SSJ) and SSJ2.
Here's a breakdown:
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Narrative Focus: Chi-Chi's death is not explicitly depicted in the main Dragon Ball canon. If it were, the focus might have been on Gohan's reaction, or the overall plot of the story, not necessarily Goten's individual power-up. It's entirely possible it happened off-screen, or simply wasn't considered important to show.
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Skipping Intermediate Forms: The reference suggests that Goten may not have needed to go through the stages such as "Full Power Super Saiyan" to reach SSJ2. This concept is supported by the somewhat inconsistent power scaling and transformation rules within the Dragon Ball franchise. Characters have often been shown to skip stages or achieve transformations seemingly out of order when compared to earlier transformations in the series.
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Potential for SSJ2 Already There: It's possible that Goten already possessed the potential to reach SSJ2. He was conceived when Goku was a Full Power Super Saiyan, meaning he might have inherited a higher power level or potential than Gotenks or Trunks when they were younger. The death of Chi-Chi might have triggered this latent ability.
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Emotional Trigger is Inconsistent: While emotional trauma has been a catalyst for Super Saiyan transformations, it is not a consistent or reliable trigger. For instance, Vegeta's path to Super Saiyan was more about training and striving to surpass Goku than a specific emotional event.
In Conclusion: While Chi-Chi's death could be a potential catalyst for Goten to transform into SSJ2 (if it occurred in the main timeline), the series may not have focused on it due to narrative priorities. Further, he potentially could have bypassed the intermediary stages, going straight to SSJ2 based on his inherited potential.