Based on information available, it's highly unlikely Goku as he currently exists could defeat Cell Max without significant effort or potentially at all.
Here's why:
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Cell Max's Power: Cell Max was designed to surpass even Cell's Perfect Form. He proved too much for Gamma 1 and Gamma 2, as well as Orange Piccolo, who is significantly stronger than Piccolo's previous forms. This indicates a power level exceeding that of Super Saiyan God.
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Gohan Beast's Decisive Victory: Gohan Beast was the only one strong enough to defeat Cell Max decisively. This implies a power requirement beyond what standard Super Saiyan transformations can achieve.
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Goku's Current State: While Goku has Ultra Instinct, its effectiveness against Cell Max's raw power is uncertain. While the reference suggests an Ultra Instinct energy avatar could be a viable option, Goku's physical ability to withstand Cell Max's attacks and deliver sufficient damage is questionable without a significant power boost beyond what he typically demonstrates.
Therefore, while not definitively impossible, it is highly probable that Goku would struggle immensely against Cell Max and might require a new transformation or technique to secure a victory. He would have a much harder time than Gohan Beast.
