Certain drugs are known to increase Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) levels, also known as Creatine Kinase (CK). These elevations can range from mild to severe and may indicate muscle damage. Here's a breakdown of common culprits:
Statins
Statins, used to lower cholesterol, are a well-known cause of elevated CPK. Examples include:
- Simvastatin
- Atorvastatin
- Rosuvastatin
- Lovastatin
- Pravastatin
The risk increases with higher doses and when combined with other medications that interact with statin metabolism.
Fibrates
Fibrates, another type of cholesterol-lowering medication, can also increase CPK.
- Gemfibrozil
- Fenofibrate
Similar to statins, the risk is greater when used in combination with other medications.
Macrolide Antibiotics
Certain macrolide antibiotics can increase CPK, especially when taken concurrently with statins.
- Clarithromycin
- Erythromycin
These drugs can interfere with the metabolism of statins, increasing their concentration in the body and, consequently, the risk of muscle damage.
Antifungals
Certain antifungal medications, particularly those in the azole class, can elevate CPK.
- Ketoconazole
- Itraconazole
These antifungals can interact with the metabolism of statins, similar to macrolide antibiotics.
Other Medications
Besides the above, other medications that may increase CPK include:
- Corticosteroids: Especially with long-term use or high doses.
- Colchicine: Used to treat gout.
- Certain Antiretroviral Medications: Used to treat HIV.
- Interferon: Used to treat certain viral infections and cancers.
- Daptomycin: An antibiotic.
- Anesthetics: Such as succinylcholine.
Important Considerations
It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional if you experience muscle pain, weakness, or dark urine while taking any medication. They can assess your CPK levels and determine if the medication is the cause. Drug interactions are a significant factor, so always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking.
