Dry skin, also known as xerosis (pronounced “ze-ROW-sis”), is a skin type characterized by a lack of sebum, the natural oil produced by your skin. This deficiency leads to skin that feels rough, often appearing flaky, scaly, or even cracked in severe cases. It may or may not be itchy (pruritis). Unlike other skin types, dry skin generally produces less sebum, impacting its ability to stay lubricated and protected.
Characteristics of Dry Skin:
- Reduced Sebum Production: The defining feature of dry skin is its lower than normal production of sebum, a natural moisturizer.
- Rough Texture: Dry skin feels rough to the touch, lacking the smoothness of normal or oily skin.
- Flaking or Scaling: Dry skin often sheds dead skin cells in visible flakes or scales.
- Tightness: A feeling of tightness, especially after washing, is common.
- Visible Lines: Dry skin may show more visible fine lines and wrinkles due to decreased elasticity.
- Dull Complexion: Dry skin often appears less radiant and may look dull.
- Red Patches: Redness or irritation may occur in patches.
- Cracking and Bleeding (Severe Cases): In severe cases, dry skin can crack and bleed.
Causes of Dry Skin:
Several factors contribute to dry skin. These include:
- Age: As we age, sebum production naturally declines, contributing to drier skin.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as eczema, can cause dry skin.
- Environmental Factors: Cold, dry weather and exposure to harsh chemicals or sun can exacerbate dryness.
- Harsh Soaps and Cleansers: Using harsh soaps and detergents can strip the skin of its natural oils.
Addressing Dry Skin:
Managing dry skin often involves using moisturizing products to replenish lost moisture and sebum. The use of gentle cleansers and avoiding harsh environmental factors are also crucial.
