An ear effusion, specifically referring to Otitis Media with Effusion (OME), is a condition where fluid accumulates in the middle ear without signs of an acute infection. This fluid buildup puts pressure on the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and the Eustachian tube.
Understanding Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)
Here's a breakdown of what this means:
- Fluid in the Middle Ear: The space behind the eardrum, normally filled with air, becomes filled with fluid. This fluid can be thin and watery (serous) or thick and glue-like (mucoid).
- No Acute Infection: Unlike acute otitis media (ear infection), there are no signs of active bacterial or viral infection, such as fever, ear pain (otalgia), or redness of the eardrum.
Implications of Ear Effusion
Because the fluid puts pressure on the eardrum, and affects its ability to vibrate, ear effusions can cause temporary hearing loss.
How Does it Happen?
The Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, helps to equalize pressure and drain fluid. If the Eustachian tube is blocked or not functioning properly, fluid can build up in the middle ear.
Symptoms
While there is no acute infection, symptoms of OME can include:
- Muffled hearing or difficulty hearing
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
- Balance problems (less common)
- In children, delayed speech development can sometimes be associated with chronic OME.
