Inner ear infections are most commonly caused by viruses, with bacteria being a less frequent culprit.
While often termed "inner ear infections," the condition is more accurately referred to as labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis, as true infections within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear are rare. These conditions primarily affect the nerves responsible for balance.
Viral Causes of Inner Ear Infections
The majority of inner ear infections stem from viral infections. Common viruses that can trigger these infections include:
- Influenza: The flu virus is a common cause.
- Herpes Zoster Oticus (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome): This is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox and shingles. This form often presents with a painful rash and facial paralysis.
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): This virus is responsible for mononucleosis (mono).
- Other Common Viruses: Viruses responsible for colds and other respiratory infections can also contribute.
Bacterial Causes of Inner Ear Infections
While less frequent, bacterial infections can sometimes lead to inner ear problems, particularly if they spread from a middle ear infection (otitis media). Bacterial infections may also arise as a complication of meningitis.
How Infections Affect the Inner Ear
Whether viral or bacterial, these infections can inflame the inner ear's delicate structures, particularly the vestibular nerve. This nerve plays a crucial role in balance, and its inflammation can lead to symptoms like:
- Vertigo (a sensation of spinning)
- Dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Balance problems
- Hearing changes (less common)
In summary, while the term "inner ear infection" is commonly used, the condition is often due to viral or, less commonly, bacterial inflammation affecting the balance nerves within the inner ear.
