Enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) viruses are a specific group of viruses that can lead to infections in different parts of the body, and skin rashes. Originally, the term "orphan" was used because the viruses were found in stool samples but weren't initially linked to any known disease. However, it quickly became clear that these viruses are indeed capable of causing a variety of illnesses in humans.
These viruses belong to the Enterovirus genus, which also includes polioviruses and coxsackieviruses. Like other enteroviruses, they typically reside in the gastrointestinal tract, but they can spread to other areas of the body, leading to diverse symptoms.
Effects of ECHO Viruses
Based on their classification and the provided definition, ECHO viruses are known for their ability to cause infection in various locations throughout the body. The reference specifically highlights two key outcomes:
- Infections in different parts of the body: This indicates that ECHO viruses are not limited to one specific organ or system but can affect multiple areas.
- Skin rashes: This is a distinct symptom mentioned, suggesting that dermatological manifestations are a possible result of infection.
Common illnesses associated with ECHO viruses can range from mild, flu-like symptoms to more severe conditions, depending on the specific type of ECHO virus and the individual's immune response. While not detailed in the provided reference, general understanding of these viruses indicates that manifestations can include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Sore throat
- Gastrointestinal issues (like nausea or diarrhea)
- As noted, skin rashes
In some cases, more serious conditions such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) or myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) can occur, although these are less common.
Understanding the Significance
The study and identification of ECHO viruses were significant in expanding the understanding of viral pathogens. Although initially "orphan," their subsequent association with various human diseases underscored the importance of investigating viruses found in human samples, even if their impact isn't immediately apparent. Their ability to cause a range of infections, including skin rashes, makes them a notable group within the broader family of enteroviruses.
