The teaching-learning process is often described as having several key steps, though the exact number can vary depending on the specific model or framework being used. Based on common pedagogical approaches and the provided references, a practical breakdown identifies four main steps.
The Four Steps in the Teaching-Learning Process
The process typically involves a cyclical approach, where evaluation and re-teaching inform future iterations. Here's a breakdown of the four key steps:
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Formulating Objectives: This initial step involves clearly defining what the learner should know, understand, or be able to do by the end of the learning experience. Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
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Relating Present Knowledge with Previous Knowledge: This step focuses on activating prior knowledge and building connections between what students already know and the new information being presented. Effective teaching leverages existing schema to facilitate deeper understanding and retention.
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Teaching (Implementation): This stage encompasses the actual delivery of instruction, utilizing various teaching strategies, resources, and techniques to engage learners and facilitate the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. This involves presenting information clearly, providing opportunities for practice, and offering feedback.
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Evaluation and Reteaching: This final step involves assessing the learner's understanding and mastery of the objectives. Evaluation can take many forms, including formative assessments (e.g., quizzes, discussions) and summative assessments (e.g., exams, projects). Based on the evaluation results, reteaching or reinforcement may be necessary to address any learning gaps. Reteaching may involve utilizing different teaching strategies or providing additional support.
Therefore, the teaching-learning process can be effectively viewed as a four-step process that encompasses planning, connection-making, instruction, and assessment/reflection to ensure successful learning outcomes.
