Structured inquiry differs from controlled inquiry primarily in the teacher's role and the degree of student autonomy based on how the inquiry process is guided. According to the provided references, structured inquiry is characterized by the teacher leading the entire class in a shared inquiry, while controlled inquiry involves the teacher selecting topics and resources to be engaged by students.
Understanding the Distinction
While both models represent steps towards student-led learning compared to traditional instruction, the locus of control over the inquiry process distinguishes them.
Structured Inquiry
- Definition Highlight: Teacher leads the entire class in a shared inquiry.
- In this approach, the teacher typically provides the initial question or problem, guides the step-by-step process for investigation, and directs the class through data collection and analysis together.
- The path to the conclusion is largely predefined by the teacher, and students follow along as a group.
- Think of it as a guided tour through the inquiry process where everyone follows the same route led by the expert (teacher).
Controlled Inquiry
- Definition Highlight: Teacher selects topics and resources to be engaged by students.
- Here, the teacher sets the stage by determining the subject area or specific questions students will explore.
- Furthermore, the teacher curates the available materials, websites, books, or tools that students can use for their investigation.
- Within the bounds set by the teacher's selection of topics and resources, students may have some degree of freedom in how they use those resources or approach the specific questions posed.
Key Differences Summarized
Based on the provided definitions, the core difference lies in what the teacher controls and how the class engages in the inquiry:
| Feature | Structured Inquiry | Controlled Inquiry |
|---|---|---|
| Teacher Role | Leads the entire class through the process | Selects topics and resources for students |
| Student Role | Follows teacher-led steps with the class | Engages with pre-selected topics and resources |
| Process Control | High - Teacher directs each step | Moderate - Teacher defines scope/materials |
| Topic Selection | Implicitly set by teacher leading the inquiry | Explicitly set by teacher |
| Resource Selection | Often guided or provided as part of process | Explicitly selected by teacher |
Practical Implications
These definitions suggest different levels of student independence:
- In structured inquiry, students gain exposure to the inquiry process but have minimal autonomy over the methods or sequence of steps. It's like learning to cook by strictly following a recipe demonstrated by the chef.
- In controlled inquiry, students are given the ingredients (resources) and the dish to prepare (topic/question), and they might have some choice in how they combine the ingredients or which resources they prioritize within the given set.
Understanding these distinctions helps educators select the appropriate inquiry model based on learning objectives, student experience with inquiry, and the desired level of student independence. Structured inquiry can be a good starting point for introducing the concept of inquiry, while controlled inquiry allows for slightly more exploration within defined boundaries.
