Elbow flexion is the bending movement of the forearm toward the upper arm at the elbow joint. This action reduces the angle between the upper arm (humerus) and the forearm (ulna and radius). The opposite movement is called elbow extension.
The Mechanics of Elbow Flexion
Several muscles work together to achieve elbow flexion. The primary muscles involved are:
- Biceps brachii: The muscle most people associate with bicep curls.
- Brachialis: Located beneath the biceps, it's a powerful flexor.
- Brachioradialis: Assists in flexing the elbow, particularly when the forearm is in a neutral position.
These muscles contract, causing the forearm to bend towards the upper arm. The bones involved are the humerus (upper arm bone), ulna (pinky finger side of the forearm), and radius (thumb side of the forearm). As mentioned in one of the references, “When your forearm moves toward your body by bending at your elbow, it's called elbow flexion. The opposite movement is called elbow extension."
Elbow Flexion in Different Contexts
Elbow flexion plays a crucial role in many everyday activities, from lifting objects to typing on a keyboard. Its importance is highlighted in several contexts:
- Treatment of Injuries: Elbow flexion is a key factor in evaluating and treating injuries to the elbow joint and surrounding muscles and nerves. For instance, “Elbow flexion is considered to be one of the most important functions to restore the following traumatic brachial plexus (BP) injuries.”
- Measuring Strength: Studies, such as the one referenced regarding "Differences in elbow flexion torque," assess the strength of elbow flexion. These studies often measure peak torque during concentric (muscle shortening) and eccentric (muscle lengthening) contractions.
- Diagnostic Testing: Specific tests assess elbow flexion to diagnose conditions such as cubital tunnel syndrome (as noted in the "Elbow Flexion Test" reference).
- Contractures: An elbow flexion contracture, described in one reference, is a condition where the elbow is fixed in a bent position, limiting extension.
Examples of Elbow Flexion in Daily Life
- Lifting a cup to your mouth
- Writing or typing
- Carrying a bag
- Playing sports involving throwing or swinging
