Elbow fusion, also known as elbow arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure that permanently joins the bones of the elbow joint together, effectively eliminating motion at that joint. This turns the elbow into one solid piece of bone.
Why is Elbow Fusion Performed?
Elbow fusion is typically considered as a last resort when other treatments have failed to relieve pain and improve function in the elbow. Common reasons for considering elbow fusion include:
- Severe Osteoarthritis: When arthritis has significantly damaged the joint, causing chronic pain and limited movement.
- Traumatic Injuries: Complex elbow fractures or dislocations that cannot be adequately repaired.
- Infections: Severe infections in the elbow joint that have destroyed cartilage and bone.
- Tumors: Tumors affecting the elbow joint.
- Failed Elbow Replacement: In some cases, an elbow replacement may fail, and fusion becomes a salvage procedure.
What to Expect After Elbow Fusion:
Following elbow fusion, you will no longer be able to bend or straighten your elbow. The arm will be fixed in a specific position, typically between 70 and 90 degrees of flexion, which is considered a functional position for many daily activities. The fusion eliminates pain arising from the elbow joint, and stability is greatly improved. However, the loss of motion requires adaptation and may put additional stress on the shoulder and wrist joints.
Recovery After Elbow Fusion:
Recovery from elbow fusion can take several months. You will likely need to wear a cast or splint to immobilize the arm while the bones heal. Physical therapy is crucial to regain strength and function in the shoulder, wrist, and hand.
Alternatives to Elbow Fusion:
Before considering elbow fusion, other treatment options may be explored, including:
- Pain medication: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers.
- Physical therapy: Exercises to improve strength and range of motion.
- Corticosteroid injections: To reduce inflammation and pain.
- Elbow replacement: Replacing the damaged elbow joint with an artificial joint.
Elbow fusion is a significant surgical decision with long-term implications. It's crucial to discuss all treatment options with your doctor to determine the best course of action for your specific condition.
