There are a few ways to put batteries together, depending on what you want to achieve: increasing the voltage, increasing the current capacity (and thus runtime), or both. The two most common methods are connecting batteries in series and connecting them in parallel.
Connecting Batteries in Series
Connecting batteries in series increases the voltage while maintaining the same current capacity (amp-hours).
- How it works: Connect the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the next battery, and so on. The voltage of the connected batteries adds up.
- Example: If you connect two 1.5V batteries in series, you'll get 3V (1.5V + 1.5V = 3V).
- Use case: Often used in flashlights, remote controls, and other devices that require a higher voltage than a single battery can provide.
Connecting Batteries in Parallel
Connecting batteries in parallel increases the current capacity (and thus runtime) while maintaining the same voltage.
- How it works: Connect all the positive terminals together and all the negative terminals together.
- Example: If you connect two 12V batteries in parallel, you'll still have 12V, but you'll have double the amp-hour capacity, effectively doubling the runtime. The referenced YouTube video (How To Connect Two 12 Volt Batteries To Produce 12 Volts) demonstrates this.
- Use case: Often used in applications where longer runtimes are desired, such as RVs, boats, and backup power systems.
Series-Parallel Combinations
You can also combine series and parallel connections to achieve both higher voltage and higher current capacity. For example, you might connect two sets of two batteries in series and then connect those two sets in parallel.
Important Considerations
- Use identical batteries: When connecting batteries in series or parallel, it's crucial to use batteries of the same voltage, capacity (amp-hours), and chemistry (e.g., all alkaline or all lithium). Mixing different types of batteries can lead to uneven charging/discharging and potentially damage the batteries or the device they are powering.
- Proper wiring: Ensure that the connections are secure and properly insulated to prevent short circuits. Use appropriately sized wires for the current that will be flowing through them.
- Safety: Be careful when working with batteries, especially larger batteries, as short circuits can generate significant heat and potentially cause fires or explosions.
- Charging: If you're connecting rechargeable batteries, ensure your charging system is compatible with the configuration.
