Electricity works through the accumulation or movement of electrons, traveling in a closed circuit to power devices.
Here's a breakdown of how it works:
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Electrons and Electric Charge: All matter is made up of atoms, which contain electrons. These electrons carry a negative electric charge. The movement or accumulation of these charges is what we call electricity.
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Electrical Circuits: Electricity flows in a closed loop called an electrical circuit. This circuit needs a source of electrical energy (like a battery or power outlet), a pathway for the electrons to travel (like wires), and a device that uses the electrical energy (like a lightbulb).
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Voltage, Current, and Resistance:
- Voltage is the "push" that makes electrons move. Think of it like water pressure in a pipe.
- Current is the flow of electrons through the circuit, similar to the amount of water flowing through the pipe. Measured in Amperes (Amps).
- Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons, like a narrowing in the pipe that restricts water flow. Measured in Ohms.
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How Devices Get Power: When you close a circuit (e.g., flip a switch), the voltage from the power source causes electrons to flow through the wires. This flow of electrons (current) delivers energy to the device connected in the circuit, allowing it to operate. For example, a lightbulb glows because the electrical energy heats up the filament inside.
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Alternating Current (AC) vs. Direct Current (DC):
- AC: The direction of electron flow reverses periodically. This is the type of electricity used in most homes and businesses.
- DC: The electron flow is in one direction only. Batteries and electronic devices typically use DC.
In summary, power (electricity) functions by creating a closed circuit that allows the flow of electrons, delivering energy to devices to perform specific tasks. The flow is controlled by voltage, current, and resistance.
