Hyperkalemia is caused by an electrolyte imbalance characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood.
Hyperkalemia arises from a few key factors that disrupt the body's potassium balance. These factors influence potassium intake, excretion, and cellular shifts. Here's a breakdown of the common causes:
- Kidney Disease: Impaired kidney function is a primary cause. The kidneys play a crucial role in potassium excretion. When they don't function properly, potassium can accumulate in the blood.
- Medications: Certain drugs can contribute to hyperkalemia by interfering with potassium excretion or distribution. Common culprits include:
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- NSAIDs
- Heparin
- Trimethoprim
- Hyperglycemia and Insulin Deficiency: High blood sugar and a lack of insulin can cause potassium to shift out of cells and into the bloodstream.
- Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease): Reduced production of aldosterone, a hormone that helps regulate potassium excretion, can lead to hyperkalemia.
- Tissue Damage: Significant trauma, burns, or surgery can release potassium from damaged cells into the bloodstream.
- Excessive Potassium Intake: While less common, consuming very large amounts of potassium, especially through supplements or certain salt substitutes, can overwhelm the body's ability to regulate potassium levels.
- Metabolic Acidosis: Acidosis can cause potassium to shift out of cells.
