The principle of a dynamo is Faraday's law of induction.
According to the reference provided by BYJU'S, an electric dynamo operates as an electrical generator that produces direct current (DC) using a commutator. The fundamental principle behind its operation is Faraday's law of induction.
How Faraday's Law Applies to a Dynamo
Faraday's law of induction states that a voltage (or electromotive force) is induced in a conductor when it is exposed to a changing magnetic field. In a dynamo, this principle is put into action through specific components and actions:
- Rotating Coils of Wire: The dynamo contains coils of wire that are designed to rotate.
- Magnetic Fields: These coils rotate within a stationary magnetic field created by magnets (either permanent or electromagnets).
- Changing Magnetic Flux: As the coils rotate, they cut through the magnetic field lines. This movement causes the magnetic flux (the measure of the total magnetic field passing through a given area) passing through the coils to constantly change.
- Induction of Current: According to Faraday's law, this changing magnetic flux induces a voltage and, consequently, an electric current within the rotating coils.
Therefore, the dynamo effectively converts mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current by utilizing rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields based on Faraday's law of induction, as stated in the reference. The commutator then helps convert the inherently alternating current induced in the rotating coils into a pulsing direct current output.
