Several factors influence the formation and impact of electron cloud, impacting beam performance. According to the provided reference, these factors include:
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Beam Energy: Higher energy helps reduce the rate of build-up of electron cloud.
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Beam Current: Lower current mitigates the impact of electron cloud on the beam.
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Momentum Compaction: Larger momentum compaction helps reduce the rate of build-up of electron cloud.
In essence, manipulating these beam parameters can effectively manage and minimize the adverse effects of electron cloud.