What are Delta Cells?
Delta cells (δ-cells or D cells) are hormone-producing cells primarily known for secreting somatostatin. These cells are found in various locations throughout the body, notably in the pancreas (within pancreatic islets), stomach, and intestine.
- Pancreas: In the pancreas, delta cells make up approximately 5% of the cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Despite their relatively low number, they play a significant role in regulating the function of other islet cells, such as alpha and beta cells. This regulation is achieved through paracrine signaling, where somatostatin, secreted by delta cells, acts locally to influence neighboring cells. [Source: Multiple references including those linked]
- Stomach and Intestine: Delta cells are also present in the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to the complex hormonal regulation of digestion. [Source: Britannica, Wikipedia]
Somatostatin's Role
Somatostatin, the hormone produced by delta cells, acts as a broad-spectrum inhibitor. Its effects include:
- Inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion: Somatostatin helps regulate blood glucose levels by modulating the secretion of both insulin (from beta cells) and glucagon (from alpha cells). [Source: Sciencedirect]
- Regulation of gastrointestinal function: It influences various aspects of digestion, including gastric acid secretion and motility. [Source: Britannica]
Research and Clinical Significance
Current research focuses on understanding the precise roles of delta cells in health and disease, particularly concerning glucose homeostasis and the development of diabetes. Scientists are also exploring methods to generate pancreatic delta cells in vitro for potential therapeutic applications. [Source: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology]
The morphology and precise mechanisms of action of delta cells continue to be investigated, highlighting their complex role in maintaining physiological balance. [Source: NCBI PMC]
