Cortisol is a crucial steroid hormone produced by your adrenal glands, playing a vital role in numerous bodily functions. It's often called the "stress hormone" because its release is triggered by physical or psychological stress. However, its functions extend far beyond stress response.
Key Functions of Cortisol:
- Stress Response: Cortisol prepares your body for "fight or flight" by increasing blood sugar through gluconeogenesis (creation of glucose), providing energy for action. [Source: ScienceDirect Topics, Wikipedia]
- Metabolism Regulation: Cortisol influences how your body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It helps regulate your metabolism, ensuring energy is available when needed. [Source: Cleveland Clinic, WebMD]
- Immune System Modulation: Cortisol helps regulate immune function, acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, chronically high levels can suppress the immune system. [Source: Better Health Channel, Wikipedia]
- Blood Pressure Maintenance: Cortisol contributes to maintaining healthy blood pressure. [Source: Better Health Channel]
- Blood Sugar Regulation: Cortisol raises blood sugar levels by releasing stored glucose. This is counterbalanced by insulin, which lowers blood sugar. Imbalances can lead to persistently high blood sugar. [Source: Cleveland Clinic]
Cortisol's Actions on Specific Tissues:
Cortisol affects various organs and tissues:
- Liver: Increases glucose production. [Source: StatPearls]
- Muscle: Influences protein metabolism. [Source: StatPearls]
- Adipose Tissue (Fat): Affects fat metabolism. [Source: StatPearls]
- Brain: Increases glucose availability. [Source: StatPearls]
- Bones: Can decrease bone formation over time. [Source: Wikipedia]
Consequences of Imbalances:
Chronically high cortisol levels (hypercortisolism) can have negative health consequences, while low levels (hypocortisolism) also present problems. Maintaining a healthy cortisol balance is essential for overall well-being. [Source: Mayo Clinic]
