Several hormones can increase heart rate. The most prominent are:
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Adrenaline (Epinephrine): This is the classic "fight-or-flight" hormone. When released, it rapidly increases heart rate and blood pressure, preparing the body for action. As noted in the provided text: "Hence, Adrenaline is responsible for the increase in heartbeat." This is further supported by resources indicating adrenaline's role in raising heart rate and blood pressure during stress (Yale Medicine, Cleveland Clinic).
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Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine): Similar to adrenaline, noradrenaline also boosts heart rate and blood pressure. Yale Medicine highlights its role in the "fight-or-flight" response and its effect on heart rate. The Cleveland Clinic also confirms its role in blood pressure and heart rate control (Cleveland Clinic).
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Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4): While not as directly or rapidly acting as adrenaline or noradrenaline, thyroid hormones influence the heart's responsiveness to other hormones. Too little thyroid hormone can slow the heart rate, while excessive levels can contribute to a faster heart rate (Harvard Health). Additionally, a PubMed article lists thyroid hormones among hormones that increase heart rate when present in excess (PubMed).
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Other Hormones: Other hormones contributing to increased heart rate, particularly in specific contexts, include catecholamines, endothelins, glucocorticosteroids (like cortisol, which increases heart rate as a stress response), leptin, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) (PubMed). For example, cortisol elevates blood sugar and can contribute to conditions like heart disease (Mayo Clinic).
In summary, while adrenaline is a primary and immediate driver of increased heart rate, several other hormones play significant roles depending on the context and physiological state.
