Based on common linguistic classifications and the provided reference, a core group of modal verbs in English numbers nine.
Modal verbs are a special type of auxiliary verb that add meaning to the main verb in a sentence. They often express different functions such as possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and prediction.
Understanding Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are crucial for expressing nuances in meaning. They modify the main verb, showing the speaker's attitude or opinion about the action. As the reference indicates, modals are frequently used when:
- Predicting a future possibility
- Describing an ability
- Giving advice
- Making requests
- Asking for permission
Unlike regular verbs, modal verbs do not change their form for different subjects (e.g., 'I can', 'she can'). They are always followed by the base form of another verb (e.g., 'I can swim', not 'I can to swim' or 'I can swims').
The Nine Most Common Modal Verbs
According to linguistic sources and as highlighted in the provided reference, the most recognized group of modal verbs consists of nine.
As stated in the reference: "The nine most common modals are can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, and must."
Here is a list of these nine core modal verbs:
- Can
- Could
- Shall
- Should
- Will
- Would
- May
- Might
- Must
Functions and Examples
These nine modals cover a wide range of meanings. While each has primary uses, they can often express multiple functions depending on the context.
| Modal Verb | Primary Functions | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Can | Ability, Permission, Possibility | She can speak three languages. |
| Could | Past ability, Possibility, Request | I could swim when I was four. |
| Shall | Future (formal), Suggestion, Offer | We shall overcome. |
| Should | Advice, Obligation, Expectation | You should eat more vegetables. |
| Will | Future, Prediction, Offer, Intention | I will see you tomorrow. |
| Would | Conditional, Request, Past habit | Would you open the window? |
| May | Possibility, Permission (formal) | You may leave now. |
| Might | Possibility (more uncertain than may) | It might rain this afternoon. |
| Must | Obligation, Necessity, Strong belief | You must wear a seatbelt. |
While these nine are the most commonly listed and studied core modals, it's worth noting that some classifications may also include 'ought to' as a modal verb, or discuss 'semi-modals' or 'marginal modals' like 'have to', 'need to', and 'dare to', which share some characteristics with modals but behave differently in others. However, the core group universally recognized includes the nine listed.
In summary, based on the standard classification and the information provided in the reference, there are nine core modal verbs in English.
