While the concept of a unified "British" king is complex and depends on the definition of "British" and "king," Æthelstan is often considered the first king of England.
Here's a breakdown of why this is a complicated question and why Æthelstan is the most commonly accepted answer:
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The Fluid Nature of Early English Kingdoms: Before Æthelstan, England was divided into several Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (like Mercia, Northumbria, Wessex, and East Anglia) and areas under Danish control (the Danelaw). The idea of a single, unified "England" didn't exist yet.
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Pre-Æthelstan Rulers: Some earlier kings, particularly those of Wessex, held significant power and influence over other kingdoms. For example, Alfred the Great (d. 899) is often referred to as King of the Anglo-Saxons. However, their authority was not absolute over the entire territory of what is now England.
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Æthelstan's Unification: Æthelstan (reigned 925-939) conquered Northumbria in 927, bringing the last major Anglo-Saxon kingdom under his control. This is a key reason he is considered the first king of England. He ruled over all of England, unifying it under a single crown.
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Historical Interpretations: Some historians might argue for other candidates based on different criteria (e.g., the extent of their power, the degree of control they exerted over other kingdoms). However, the general consensus among many modern historians points to Æthelstan.
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Edward the Elder: Although Edward the Elder, Æthelstan's father, conquered the eastern Danelaw, he didn't rule the whole of England. Northumbria remained independent until Æthelstan's reign.
Therefore, while the history is nuanced, Æthelstan is widely regarded as the first king to rule the whole of England.
