Oil spills cause erosion primarily by harming or killing vegetation, which weakens the soil structure and reduces natural coastal defenses.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Vegetation Damage: Oil coats plants, preventing photosynthesis and respiration. This can lead to plant death.
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Loss of Root Systems: The roots of vegetation are essential for holding soil together. When plants die due to oil contamination, their root systems decay, leaving the soil vulnerable.
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Weakened Soil Structure: Without plant roots binding the soil, it becomes loose and easily eroded by wind and water.
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Reduced Coastal Defenses: Coastal vegetation, such as mangroves and salt marshes, acts as a natural barrier against wave action and storm surges. Oil spills damage or destroy these defenses, making coastlines more susceptible to erosion.
In summary, oil spills instigate erosion by decimating vegetation, which in turn weakens soil structure and diminishes natural coastal barriers, leading to increased erosion rates.
