Acid rain is causing the Taj Mahal to turn yellow and slowly destroy its outer layer.
The Impact of Acid Rain on the Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal, a pristine white marble monument, is facing a serious threat from air pollution, primarily in the form of acid rain. This pollution is causing a noticeable discoloration and degradation of the marble surface.
How Acid Rain Forms
- Source of Pollution: The primary pollutant responsible is sulfur dioxide (SO2) released from industries, power plants, and vehicles in the surrounding Agra region.
- Chemical Reaction: Sulfur dioxide reacts with water molecules in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This is the key component of acid rain.
The Effects on the Taj Mahal
- Yellowing: The sulfuric acid in the rain reacts with the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that makes up the marble, causing it to turn yellow. This discoloration detracts from the monument's original beauty.
- Surface Degradation: The acid rain corrodes the marble surface, slowly dissolving and weakening its structure. This can lead to pitting and erosion over time.
- Aesthetic Changes: The monument's appearance changes throughout the day due to pollution. It appears pink in the morning, yellowish in the evening, and golden at night. This constant change in color reflects the impact of pollution on the marble.
Solutions and Mitigation Efforts
Efforts are underway to mitigate the effects of air pollution on the Taj Mahal:
- Closure of Polluting Industries: Many polluting industries near the Taj Mahal have been shut down.
- Introduction of Cleaner Fuels: Promoting the use of cleaner fuels in vehicles and industries to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions.
- Air Pollution Control Measures: Implementing stricter air quality control measures in the Agra region.
- Mud Pack Treatment: Applying a "mud pack" (Multani Mitti) to the marble surface to absorb impurities and restore its whiteness.
- Buffer Zone: Creating a green buffer zone around the monument to reduce direct exposure to pollutants.
These efforts aim to preserve the Taj Mahal for future generations by reducing the harmful effects of acid rain and air pollution.
