Ozone is a crucial gas in the Earth's atmosphere because it acts as an invisible shield, protecting us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This protection is particularly important against UV-B radiation, which can cause sunburn and other health problems.
The ozone layer absorbs a vast majority of the sun's incoming UV-B radiation, effectively filtering out 97% to 99%. This filtering action is crucial for life on Earth, as excessive UV-B exposure can lead to a range of issues including:
- Skin cancer: Increased risk of skin cancer due to damage caused by UV-B radiation.
- Eye damage: Cataracts and other eye problems can be caused by exposure to UV-B.
- Immune system suppression: Excessive UV-B exposure can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
- Damage to plants and ecosystems: UV-B can damage plants and disrupt ecosystems, impacting food production and biodiversity.
The Montreal Protocol, an international agreement signed in 1987, was instrumental in phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. This global effort has successfully contributed to the recovery of the ozone layer, highlighting the importance of protecting this vital shield.
