Pollution negatively affects photosynthesis primarily by reducing the amount of sunlight reaching plants and damaging plant tissues involved in the process.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
-
Air Pollution and Light Reduction: Pollutants in the air, such as particulate matter (dust, soot, smoke) and aerosols, can block or scatter sunlight. This reduces the amount of light available for plants to carry out photosynthesis. Less light means less energy for the process, resulting in decreased photosynthetic rates.
-
Ozone Damage: Ground-level ozone is a significant air pollutant that directly damages plant leaves. Ozone enters the leaves through stomata (small pores) and reacts with internal plant tissues. This damage reduces photosynthesis, slows plant growth, and makes plants more susceptible to pests and diseases, as confirmed in the provided reference.
-
Acid Rain: Acid rain, caused by pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, can damage plant leaves and alter soil chemistry. Damaged leaves are less efficient at photosynthesis, and altered soil can affect nutrient uptake, further hindering the process.
-
Impact on Stomata: Some pollutants can directly affect the stomata, the pores on leaves that allow for gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out). If stomata are blocked or damaged, the plant cannot effectively absorb carbon dioxide, a crucial ingredient for photosynthesis.
In summary, pollution reduces photosynthesis by limiting sunlight availability, directly damaging plant tissues like leaves, and interfering with gas exchange through stomata. This ultimately impacts plant growth, health, and overall ecosystem productivity.
