In medical terms, GST stands for Glutathione S-transferases. These are a family of crucial enzymes involved in detoxification.
Understanding Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)
The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in the detoxification of harmful compounds in the body. They are essential for protecting cells from damage caused by toxins and oxidative stress.
Role of GSTs in Detoxification
- Detoxification: GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. This process neutralizes harmful substances, making them more water-soluble and easier to excrete from the body.
- Protection against oxidative stress: GSTs help protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidative stressors.
- Drug metabolism: GSTs are involved in the metabolism of various drugs, influencing their efficacy and toxicity.
Examples of Substances Detoxified by GSTs
- Environmental pollutants
- Carcinogens
- Therapeutic drugs
- Products of oxidative stress
Clinical Significance
- Cancer: Altered GST expression has been observed in various cancers, affecting drug resistance and tumor development.
- Neurodegenerative diseases: GSTs protect against oxidative damage in the brain, potentially mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Drug response: Individual variations in GST genes can influence the response to certain medications.
