The esophagus has three main anatomical constrictions along its length. These are areas where the esophagus narrows, and they are important clinically because they are common sites for food boluses to get stuck.
Esophageal Constrictions
Here's a breakdown of the three constrictions, incorporating information from the provided reference:
Cervical Constriction
- Location: This constriction occurs at the origin of the esophagus, where it begins at the lower border of the pharynx.
- Cause: It's primarily caused by the cricoid cartilage of the larynx.
- Clinical Significance: It's the narrowest portion of the esophagus and a common site for foreign body impaction.
Thoracic Constrictions
- Location: This constriction is located in the chest.
- Causes: This constriction is created by two different structures:
- The aortic arch which crosses anteriorly over the esophagus.
- The left primary bronchus which also crosses anteriorly over the esophagus.
- Clinical Significance: Because of the compression from these structures, this is another area where food can become lodged.
Diaphragmatic Constriction
- Location: This constriction happens where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm.
- Cause: It is caused by the passage of the esophagus through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm.
- Clinical Significance: This is the final narrow point before the esophagus enters the stomach, another possible area for obstruction.
Summary of Esophageal Constrictions
| Constriction | Location | Cause |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical Constriction | Origin of esophagus | Cricoid cartilage |
| Thoracic Constrictions | Thorax | Aortic arch and left primary bronchus |
| Diaphragmatic Constriction | Passage through diaphragm | Esophageal hiatus |
These anatomical constrictions are crucial to understand when considering esophageal pathology or when performing procedures like endoscopy.
